拉取nginx镜像

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docker pull nginx

创建容器

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docker run --name nginx -p 80:80 -d nginx

创建nginx配置文件

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mkdir -p /home/jian/app/nginx/conf
mkdir -p /home/jian/app/nginx/log
mkdir -p /home/jian/app/nginx/html

将容器内nginx重要文件复制到宿主机：

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docker cp nginx:/etc/nginx/nginx.conf /home/jian/app/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
docker cp nginx:/etc/nginx/conf.d /home/jian/app/nginx/conf/conf.d
docker cp nginx:/usr/share/nginx/html /home/jian/app/nginx

删除原有nginx容器

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docker stop nginx
docker rm nginx

创建新nginx容器

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docker run \
-p 80:80 \
--name nginx \
-v /home/jian/app/nginx/conf/nginx.conf:/etc/nginx/nginx.conf \
-v /home/jian/app/nginx/conf/conf.d:/etc/nginx/conf.d \
-v /home/jian/app/nginx/log:/var/log/nginx \
-v /home/jian/app/nginx/html:/usr/share/nginx/html \
-d nginx

另一种方法：compose文件（正在使用）

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version: '3'
services:
    nginx: 
        container_name: nginx
        image: nginx:1.23.3
        ports:
            - 80:80
        volumes:                        
            - /home/jian/app/nginx/conf/nginx.conf:/etc/nginx/nginx.conf
            - /home/jian/app/nginx/conf/conf.d:/etc/nginx/conf.d
            - /home/jian/app/nginx/log:/var/log/nginx
            - /home/jian/app/nginx/html:/usr/share/nginx/html